Twenty-four properly functioning and six high carbon monoxide emission light-duty gasoline vehicles were emission 3 procedures. All were 1990-1997 model year vehicles tested on both an oxygenated and a nonoxygenated fuel. PM10 emission rates for the properly functioning vehicles using oxygenated fuel averaged 6.1, 3.6, and 12.7 mg/mi for the FTP, UC, and REP05, respectively. The corresponding values for the high emitters were 52, 28, and 24 mg/mi. Use of oxygenated fuel significantly reduces PM10 on the FTP, with all the reduction occurring during the cold start. PM10 was mostly carbonaceous material, 36% of which was classified as organic. Driving cycle had a significant impact on the distribution of the emitted polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons.
Environ Sci Technol. 2001 Jan 1;35(1):26-32.
In-use light-duty gasoline vehicle particulate matter emissions on three driving cycles.
Cadle SH, Mulawa P, Groblicki P, Laroo C, Ragazzi RA, Nelson K, Gallagher G, Zielinska B.General Motors R&D Center, Warren, Michigan 48090-9055, USA. steven.h.cadle@gm.com
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