Ozone Hole

Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology Volume 236, Issue 3, 1 May 2009, Pages 270-275

Longitudinal distribution of ozone absorption in the lung: Comparison of cigarette smokers and nonsmokers

Melissa L. Bates^{a, ,} , Timothy M. Brenza^b, Abdellaziz Ben-Jebria^{a, b}, Rebecca Bascom^c and James S. Ultman^{a, b}

^aInterdisciplinary Graduate Degree Program in Physiology, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA

^bDepartment of Chemical Engineering, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA

^cDivision of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033, USA

Abstract

In nonsmokers, ozone (O₃) is removed primarily by the epithelial lining fluid (ELF) of the conducting airways. We hypothesized that cigarette smokers, whose ELF antioxidant capacity may be limited by smoking, would remove less O₃ from their conducting airways than nonsmokers. We recruited 29 nonsmokers (17M, 12F) and 30 smokers (19M, 11F, 4 ± 4 pack-years) with similar anthropometric characteristics and measured the longitudinal distribution of O₃ using the bolus inhalation method. We also assessed the physiological effect of this transient exposure regimen using forced spirometry and capnography. Contrary to our hypothesis, the penetration volume at which 50% of a bolus was absorbed was not different between smokers and nonsmokers (97.1 ± 5.4 mL versus 97.9 ± 5.8 mL, p = 0.92). However, smokers did experience an increase in the slope of the alveolar plateau of the capnogram (S_N) (8.1 ± 3.2%, p = 0.02) and a small decrease in FEV₁ (− 1.3 ± 0.6%, p = 0.03), whereas nonsmokers did not (ΔFEV₁ − 0.1 ± 0.5% and ΔS_N − 0.2 ± 2.5%, p > 0.10). Thus, smokers are more sensitive to inhaled O₃ boluses than nonsmokers, despite a similar internal dose distribution.